How we work
Every claim on this site has a source, every grade follows a published rubric, and every page shows when it was last reviewed and by whom.
Sources
Every fact needs one primary source or two reputable ones. We link directly to PubMed, DOIs and regulators, and we never invent or estimate figures.
- Primary
- Peer-reviewed trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews; regulator documents; product labels for what a product contains.
- Authoritative secondary
- Government and university summaries and major medical references, used for context and corroboration.
- Use with care
- Preprints, white papers, conference abstracts and press releases, always labeled.
- Not acceptable
- Brand blogs as evidence, influencer posts, retracted papers and predatory journals.
How we verify
Quotes are checked against the source page, sources are archived, and every cited study is re-checked for retractions. A retraction opens a review of every page that cites it.
Grades and verdicts
Evidence is graded per compound and per outcome, from Strong to Preliminary, with a separate "No benefit shown" grade and a separate safety flag. A grade is never shown by color alone.
Claims are given a verdict, from Supported to Contradicted. Every grade and verdict stores its rationale, the studies used, the date, and its history.
Editorial review
A named editor signs off a logged checklist before a health page is published: a primary source for every claim, grades that match the rubric, language that describes findings rather than promises, safety sections that summarize what sources report, the disclaimer, and a last-reviewed date.
Corrections
If you find a mistake, tell us at [email protected]. We correct errors openly and keep a public record of what changed.
Right of reply
Brands and researchers whose claims we check can send evidence through the contact page. We review it against the same rubric and update the verdict if the evidence supports it.